Forklift Terminology Guide

Whether you're new to the material handling industry or a seasoned professional, understanding forklift terminology is essential for safe and efficient operation. This glossary provides clear definitions of the most common forklift terms to support training, fleet management, and equipment selection.

Battery Capacity

Battery capacity measures the amount of electrical charge a forklift battery can store. Typically expressed in amp‑hours (Ah), this rating indicates how much energy can be delivered during operation.

Battery Compartment

The battery compartment houses the forklift’s battery. Compartment dimensions (length × width × height) vary by model and are important when selecting an electric forklift or replacement battery.

Battery Model Identification

Each forklift battery has a model identification code used to specify battery style, cell count, amp‑hour rating, plate configuration, cell arrangement, and any special features.

Capacity

A forklift’s capacity indicates the maximum load weight it can lift at a specific load center and lift height. Always refer to the equipment’s data plate to ensure safe handling.

Carriage

The carriage is the support structure on the mast where forks, attachments, or load backrests are mounted. It moves vertically along the mast channels.

Cushion Tires

Cushion tires are smooth, rubber‑pressed forklift tires designed for indoor, smooth‑surface applications such as warehouses or distribution centers.

Forklift Classifications (OSHA Classes I–VII)

Forklifts are divided into seven classes based on fuel type and application:

• Class I: Electric motor rider trucks
• Class II: Electric narrow aisle trucks
• Class III: Electric pallet jacks and walkie/rider trucks
• Class IV: Internal combustion trucks with cushion tires
• Class V: Internal combustion trucks with pneumatic tires
• Class VI: Electric or IC tow tractors
• Class VII: Rough‑terrain forklifts for outdoor use

Free Lift

Free lift refers to how high a forklift can raise its forks before the mast extends. This is especially important in environments with low overhead clearance.

Hook Fork

Hook forks attach to the forklift carriage using hooks at the top and bottom, allowing quick removal and installation.

Lift Cylinder

Lift cylinders are hydraulic cylinders responsible for raising and lowering the mast and carriage.

Load Backrest

The load backrest attaches to the carriage and prevents loads from shifting backward toward the operator. It also protects mast components and hydraulic hoses.

Mast

The mast is the vertical assembly that raises and lowers the carriage and forks. It consists of interlocking rails that guide the lifting mechanism.

Max Full Lift Height (MLH)

MLH describes the distance from the floor to the top surface of the forks when the mast is fully extended.

Overall Lowered Height (OAL)

OAL is the total mast height when the mast is fully lowered. This measurement is critical when operating in facilities with low doorways, mezzanines, or storage racks.

Overhead Guard

The overhead guard is a protective steel structure above the operator, designed to shield against falling objects.

Pneumatic Tires

Pneumatic forklift tires are used for outdoor or uneven‑surface applications. They may be air‑filled or solid pneumatic (puncture‑resistant) depending on the environment.

Rating Plate (Data Plate)

Also called a capacity plate or nameplate, this identifies the forklift’s rated load capacity, load center, fuel type, and other safety‑critical information.

Trucker’s Mast

A trucker’s mast is a short mast designed for environments with low overhead space. Often found on Class IV and V lift trucks up to 6,000 lb capacity.

Two‑Stage Mast

A two‑stage mast includes an outer mast channel attached to the truck and an inner channel that raises when cylinders extend. Common in standard‑lift warehouse applications.

Tynes (Forks)

Tynes—commonly called forks—are the horizontal lifting arms on the carriage used to lift pallets or other loads.

Need Help Choosing a Forklift?

Understanding forklift terminology is the first step in selecting the right equipment for your application. Contact your local Cat Lift Truck dealer for assistance with choosing, maintaining, or customizing a forklift for your operation.